MPA Management Program

To improve the design and effectiveness of California’s MPAs, the Marine Life Protection Act requires the Fish and Game Commission to adopt a MPA Management Program with the following goals:

1. Protect the natural diversity and abundance of marine life, and the structure, function, and integrity of marine ecosystems.
2. Help sustain, conserve, and protect marine life populations, including those of economic value, and rebuild those that are depleted.
3. Improve recreational, educational, and study opportunities provided by marine ecosystems that are subject to minimal human disturbance, and to manage these uses in a manner consistent with protecting biodiversity.
4. Protect marine natural heritage, including protection of representative and unique marine life habitats in California waters for their intrinsic values.
5. Ensure California's MPAs have clearly defined objectives, effective management measures, and adequate enforcement, and are based on sound scientific guidelines.
6. Ensure the State's MPAs are designed and managed, to the extent possible, as a network.

In addition to these six primarily ecosystem-based goals, the Marine Life Protection Act also states the Program shall include:

• An improved marine life reserve component consistent with guidelines specified within the act.
• Specific identified objectives, and management and enforcement measures, for all MPAs in the system.
• Provisions for monitoring, research, and evaluation at selected sites to facilitate adaptive management of MPAs and ensure that the system meets the stated goals.
• Provisions for educating the public about MPAs, and for administering and enforcing MPAs in a manner that encourages public participation.
• A process for the establishment, modification, or abolishment of existing MPAs or new MPAs established pursuant to this program.

Full text of the Marine Life Protection Act

The Marine Life Protection Act goals, objectives, and design considerations serve as the cornerstone for the MPA Management Program’s adaptive management process. This process was designed to help the State learn and evaluate whether California’s MPA Network is making progress towards meeting the goals of the Marine Life Protection Act. The adaptive management process consists of three steps and provides a framework for implementing potential management actions:

Guiding Documents

The MPA Management Program is guided by several foundational documents including the Master Plan for MPAs (Master Plan), the MPA Partnership Plan (PDF)(Partnership Plan), and the MPA Monitoring Action Plan (Action Plan). The Master Plan directs the design, implementation, and management of California’s MPA Network. The Partnership Plan provides guidance on a partnership based approach for managing the Network. The Action Plan informs next steps for long-term monitoring and will aid in the adaptive management and evaluation of the Network in meeting the goals of the MLPA.  

• Master Plan for MPAs
• MPA Partnership Plan (PDF)
• MPA Monitoring Action Plan

Decadal Management Review

The Decadal Management Review (Review) provides a synthesis of the last decade of management activities in the four pillars of the MPA Management Program and the effectiveness of management in meeting the goals of the Marine Life Protection Act. The 2022 Review is the first comprehensive statewide review of California's MPA Network and Management Program.

• 2022 Decadal Management Review, Main Report (PDF)

State of the Region Reports

Baseline monitoring occurred from 2007 – 2018, and included 37 state-funded regional monitoring projects across the state. Data and results were described in technical reports for each funded project, summarized into a “State of the Region” report for each region, and informed an initial 5-year management review regarding regional MPA implementation.

• State of the California North Coast (PDF)
• State of the California North Central Coast (PDF)
• State of the California Central Coast (PDF)
• State of the California South Coast (PDF)

Outreach and Education

Communicating with the public about the MPA Network requires the involvement and coordination of many people and organizations. The following document has been created to help ensure consistent and accurate MPA messaging across the state.

• MPA Outreach and Education Guide (PDF)

Annual Updates to the Fish and Game Commission

Following the adoption of the Master Plan for MPAs in 2016, the Fish and Game Commission requested that CDFW prepare annual reports and provide updates regarding recent management and monitoring activities. The first annual report provided in 2017 highlighted all MPA Management Activities that occurred in 2016, with each subsequent update covering the management activities that took place in that current year. Please note that there is no annual update for 2017.

• 2016 MPA Management Program Annual Update (PDF)
• 2018 MPA Management Program Annual Update (PDF)
• 2019 MPA Management Program Annual Update (PDF)
• 2020 MPA Management Program Annual Update (PDF)
• 2021 MPA Management Program Annual Update (PDF)
• 2022 MPA Management Program Annual Update (PDF)

The Marine Life Protection Act requires that the statewide network of MPAs be monitored to evaluate progress towards meeting its goals, and that the results of monitoring inform adaptive management decisions.

• Read more about MPA Research and Monitoring
• MPA Monitoring Action Plan

Enforcement and compliance of MPA regulations is fundamental to their success. As the primary agency responsible for enforcing MPA regulations, the Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Law Enforcement Division monitors MPA sites and takes enforcement action as appropriate. In addition to CDFW enforcement, partner agencies such as California State Parks, National Park Service, US Coast Guard, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, municipal harbor patrols, local police, sheriffs, lifeguards, and city resource officers may also assist in enforcement. Improvements in technology and community support may also help increase compliance.

Outreach and education is key to informing people about the MPA network and ensuring compliance with the regulations. Outreach priorities include disseminating information related to:

• Regulations essential to ensuring MPA effectiveness;
• Scientific principles underpinning the design of MPAs;
• Monitoring to measure MPA effectiveness; and
• Species and habitats likely to benefit from MPAs.

MPA Outreach Products

• MPA Outreach and Education Guide (PDF)
• MPA brochures, videos, overview sheets, posters and maps
• MPA Articles and News

CDFW also provides guidance to many other organizations involved in MPA outreach and education across the state in order to ensure accurate and consistent messaging.

Consistent policy and permitting allow for an effective approach to MPA network governance. Coordination between the primary managing agencies and partners is essential to maintain a consistent vision for the California MPA Network. For instance, the Department of Fish and Wildlife uses scientific data and staff expertise to provide management recommendations to the Fish and Game Commission to aid in their rule-making decisions.

Furthermore, the Department of Fish and Wildlife reviews and issues Scientific Collecting Permits. As specified in California Fish and Game Code, §1002 and California Code of Regulations, Title 14, §650, a scientific collecting permit is required when take or possession of fish and wildlife occurs for research, educational, or propagation purposes. Take is defined in California Fish and Game Code, §86 as “hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill.” Additionally, California Code of Regulations, Title 14, §650 states that take also includes “capturing, marking, and releasing any animal”.