References
Asch, R., and J. Collie. 2008. Changes in a benthic megafaunal community due to bottom fishing and the establishment of a fishery closure. Fishery Bulletin 106(4):438-456.
Auster, P. J. 1998. A conceptual Model of the Impacts of Fishing Gear on the Integrity of Fish Habitats. Conservation Biology 12(6):1198-1203.
Auster, P. J., J. Lindholm, and P. Valentine. 2003. Variations in habitat use by acadian redfish, Sebastes fasciatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68(4):381-389.
Auster, P. J., R. J. Malatesta, R. W. Langton, L. Watling, P. C. Valentine, C. L. S. Donaldson, E. W. Langton, A. N. Shepard, and W. G. Babb. 1996. The impacts of mobile fishing gear on seafloor habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): implications for conservation of fish populations. Reviews in Fisheries Science 4(2):185-202.
Auster, P. J., R. J. Malatessta, S. C. LaRosa, R. A. Cooper, and L. L. Stewart. 1991. Microhabitat utilization by the megafaunal assemblage at a low relief outer continental shelf site - Middle Atlantic Bight USA. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 11:59-69.
Auster, P. J., and R. W. Langton. 1999. The effects of fishing on fish habitat. J. of American Fisheries Society Symposium 22:150-187.
Baillon, S., J. F. Hamel, V. E. Wareham, and A. Mercier. 2012. Deep cold water corals as nurseries for fish larvae. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10(7):351-356.
Bergman, M. J. N., and J. W. van Santbrink. 2000. Mortality in megafaunal benthic populations caused by trawl fisheries on the Dutch continental shelf in the North Sea in 1994. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57(5):1321-1331.
Brodeur, R. 2001. Habitat-specific distribution of Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus) in Pribilof Canyon, Bering Sea. Continental Shelf Research 21(3):207-224
Collie, J. S., G. A. Escanero, P. C. Valentine. 2000. Photographic evaluation of the impacts of bottom fishing on benthic epifauna. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57(4):987-1001.
Chuenpagdee, R., L. Morgan, S. Maxwell, E. Norse, and D. Pauly. 2003. Shifting gears: assessing collateral impacts of fishing methods in US waters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1(10):517-524.
Dayton, P. K., S. F. Thrush, M. T. Agardy, and R. J. Hofman. 1995. Environmental effects of marine fishing. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 5(3):205-232.
DeAlteris, J. T., L. G. Skrobe, and K. M. Castro. 2000. Effects of mobile bottom fishing gear on biodiversity and habitat in offshore New England waters. Northeastern Naturalist 7(4):379-394.
D'Onghia, G., P. Maiorano, L. Sion, A. Giove, F. Capezzuto, R. Carlucci, and A. Tursi. 2010. Effects of deep-water coral banks on the abundance and size structure of the megafauna in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research 57:397-411.
Freese, L., P. J. Auster, J. Heifetz J., B. L. Wing. 1999. Effects of trawling on seafloor habitat and associated invertebrate taxa in the Gulf of Alaska. Marine Ecology Progress Series 182:119-126.
Freese, J. 2001. Trawl-induced damage to sponges observed from a research submersible. Marine Fisheries Review 63(3):7-13.
Henry, L. A. and M. Hart. 2005. Regeneration from injury and resource allocation in sponges and corals: a review. International Review of Hydrobiology 90(2):125–158.
Henry, L., E. L. R. Kenchington, T. J. Kenchington, K. G. MacIsaac, C. Bourbonnais-Boyce, and D. C. Gordon Jr. 2006. Impacts of otter trawling on colonial epifaunal assemblages on a cobble bottom ecosystem on Western Bank (northwest Atlantic). Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:63-78.
Jenkins L. D., and K. Garrison. 2013. Fishing gear substitution to reduce bycatch and habitat impacts: An example of social–ecological research to inform policy. Marine Policy 38:293-303.
Lindholm, J., M. Kelly, D. Kline, and J. de Marignac. 2009. Patterns in the local distribution of the sea whip (Halipteris willemoesi), in an area impacted by mobile fishing gear. Marine Technology Society Journal 42:64-68.
Lindholm, J., M. Gleason, D. Kline, L. Clary, S. Rienecke, A. Cramer, M. Los Huertos. 2015. Ecological effects of bottom trawling on the structural attributes of fish habitat in unconsolidated sediments along the Central California outer continental shelf. Fisheries Bulletin 113:82-96.
Lindholm, J., P. Auster, and P. Valentine. 2004. Role of a large marine protected area for conserving landscape attributes of sand habitats on Georges Bank (NW Atlantic). Marine Ecology Progress Series 269:61-68.
Love, M. S., D. M. Schroeder, L. Snook, A. York, and G. Cochrane. 2008. All their eggs in one basket: a rocky reef nursery for the longnose skate (Raja rhina Jordan and Gilbert 1880) in the Southern California Bight. Fisheries Bulletin 106:471-475.
Malecha, P. W., and R. P. Stone. 2009. Response of the sea whip Halipterus willomoesi to simulated trawl disturbance and its vulnerability to subsequent predation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 388:197-206.
Mann, K.H. 1973. Seaweeds: their productivity and strategy for growth. Science 182:975–981.
O'Niell, F. G., and K. Summerbell. 2011. The mobilisation of sediment by demersal otter trawls. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62(5):1088-1097.
Sala, A., J. D. P. Farran, J. Antonijuan, and A. Lucchetti. 2009. Performance and impact on the seabed of an existing- and an experimental-otterboard: Comparison between model testing and full-scale sea trials. Fisheries Research 100(2):156-166.
Steneck, R.S., and M. N. Dethier. 1994. A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities. Oikos 69:476–498.
Steneck, R. S., M. H. Graham, B. J. Borque, D. Corbett, J. L. Erlandson, J. A. Estes, and M. J. Tegner. 2002. Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environmental Conservation 29(4):436–459.
Stone, R. P. 2006. Coral habitat in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska: depth distribution, fine-scale species associations, and fisheries interactions. Coral Reefs 25(2):229–238.
Tissot, B. N., M. M. Yoklavich, M. S. Love, K. York, and M. Amend. 2006. Benthic invertebrates that form habitat on deep banks off southern California, with special reference to deep sea coral. Fisheries Bulletin 104(2):167–181.
Watling, L., and Norse E.A. 1998. Disturbance of the seabed by mobile fishing gear: a comparison to forest clearcutting. Conservation Biology 12(6):1180-1197.
Wilson, M.T., A.H. Andrews, A.L. Brown, and E.E. Cordes. 2002. Axial rod growth and age estimation of the sea pen, Halipteris willemoesi Kolliker. Hydrobiologia 471:133–142.
Yoklavich, M. M., H. G. Greene, H. M. Calliet, D. E. Sullivan, R. N. Lea, and M. S. Love. 2000. Habitat associations of deep-water rockfishes in a submarine canyon: an example of natural refuge. Fisheries Bulletin 98(3):625-641.